Web technologies refers to the way computers/devices communicate with each other using mark up languages. It invo It is communication across the web, and create, deliver or manage web content using hypertext markup language (HTML).
A web page is a web document which is written in in HTML (hypertext markup language) .
It is said to have brought the world into a small village where people and devices can communicate to each other seamlessly.
WWW has allowed for the access of information that would have been impossible to find or may have been difficult to find without the www.
The Internet & World Wide Web(WWW)
- The terms Internet and the World Wide Web are synonymous in the minds ofmany, but they have different meanings.
The Internet is a massive network of networks that connects millions ofcomputers worldwide.
- Computers connected to the Internet can communicate with one another witha number of protocols such as HTTP, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol),FTP (File Transfer Protocol), IRC (Internet relay chat), IM (instant messaging),Telnet, and P2P (peer-to-peer).
The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents andprograms that can be accessed via the Internet primarily by using HTTP
Important terms of Web Technology
- Web page
Some web components
- Web – Page A document which can be displayed in a web browser such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Edge, or Apple’s Safari. These are also often called just “pages.
- WebSiteA collection of web pages which are grouped together and usually connected together in various ways. Often called a “web site” or simply a “site.“
- Web Server A special high end computer that hosts a website on the Internet. Today we have Cloud services that act as web servers.
Dynamic v/s Static Pages
- Static pages show the same content each time they are viewed.
- Dynamic pages have content that can change each time they are accessed.
- Dynamic pages are typically written in scripting languages such as PHP, Perl, ASP, or JSP. The scripts in the pages run functions on the server that return things like the date and time, and database information.
- All the information is returned as HTML code, so when the page gets to your browser, all the browser has to do is translate the HTML.
- HTML
HTML is a language which is used to create static web pages.
HTML is the Language of Web Pages on the World Wide Web.
HTML uses bracketed commands called ‘HTML tags’ that are integrated into a text document.HTML code can be written in a text editor (like Notepad).Save the text editor file with “.htm” or “.html” extension.Open the file with any web browser(Like Internet Explorer, Firefox) to see the HTML page output.
Basic HTML Tags: HTML,HEAD and BODY
title(page title),
style(rendering style),
link(related documents),
meta(data about the document), script(client-side scripting)
Example:
<html> <body> <h1>MyFirstHeading</h1> <p>Myfirstparagraph.</p> </body> </html - Web Server
A Web server is a program or computer machinethat generates and transmits responses to clientrequests for Web resources using HTTP protocol.
Every computer on the Internet that contains aWeb site must have a Web server program.
Any computer can be turned into a Web server byinstalling server software and connecting themachine to the Internet.
How Web Servers Work:
Apache HTTP Server: The Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to as Apache is a web server software program which gave the initial boost for the growth of the World Wide Web.
In 2009, it became the first web server software to surpass the 100 million website milestone. The server is aimed at serving a great deal of widely popular modern web platforms/operating systems such as Unix, Windows, Linux, Solaris, Novell NetWare, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, OS/2, etc.
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS): IIS is one of the components of Microsoft Windows and is Microsoft’s implementation of a web server.
The protocols supported include HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS & SMTP .
It’s estimated that around 25% of all websites utilize IIS.
- Web Browser
web browser is an application program for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.
An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content.
Some examples of web browser : Internet Explorer,Google Chrome,Firefox,Opera and Safari.
- URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
A URL is a formatted text string used by Web browsers, email clients and other software to identify a network resourceon the Internet.
Network resources are files that can be plain Web pages, other text documents, graphics, or programs.
URL strings consist of three parts (substrings):
a. network protocol: Typical URL protocols include http:// and ftp:// .
b. host name or address: identifies a computer or other network device. Hosts come from standard Internet databases such as DNS and can be names or IP addresses.
c. file or resource location: These substrings are separated by special characters as follows:
protocol :// host / location
URL Example: https://www.v-norm.com/ - Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules that govern datacommunications.
A protocol defines what is communicated, how it iscommunicated, and when it is communicated.
Itrepresentsanagreementbetweenthecommunicating devices.
Without a protocol, two devices may be connectedbut not communicating, just as a person speakingPortuguese cannot be understood by a personwho speaks only English.
- Internet Protocol (IP) Address
- HTTP
HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol.it is the language of the Web.
HTTP is a protocol used for communication between web browsers and web servers.When a web page has this prefix, then your links, text, and pictures should work in your web browser.
HTTP functions as a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model.
A web browser, for example, may be theclientand anapplication running on a computer hosting a web site maybe theserver.The client submits an HTTPrequestmessage to theserver.
The server, which providesresourcessuch as HTML filesand other content, or performs other functions on behalf ofthe client, returns aresponsemessage to the client.
- XML (Extensible Markup Language )
XML Is a markup language that provides rules to define any data. Unlike other programming languages, XML cannot perform computing operations by itself. Instead, any programming language or software can be implemented for structured data management. - Gateway
A gateway page, also known as a doorway page, is a webpage designed to rank highly for particular search queries that does not offer useful information to the searcher.
- API (Application Programming Interface )
Application Programming Interface (API) which constitutes a language and message format is set of data structures, routines or protocols used by an application to communicate with other control program, communication protocol or operating system. Exampled would be a “Places API” which is called by many web based applications.
